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Swedish title Förbättrad läkemedelsanvändning med fokus på antibiotika
English title Improving drug use, especially antibiotics
Course number 3162
Credits 1.5
Responsible KI department Institutionen för global folkhälsa
Specific entry requirements
Grading Passed /Not passed
Established by The Board of Doctoral Education
Established 2018-10-03
Purpose of the course This course will help participants to understand, discuss and apply key concepts of medicines in health systems and use of medicines across countries on different income levels. The special focus will be on the global antibiotic use and growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
Participants will have opportunities to exchange knowledge and experience throughout the lectures in the course. Further opportunities will be during group assignments with other participants in multicultural and multidisciplinary context.
Intended learning outcomes At the end of the course students will be able to:
- Recognise the role of medicines in health systems as well as understand and discuss the importance of systems approach in medicines use.
-Identify, analyse and discuss factors influencing antibiotic use and resistance in various contexts and its impact on global health
- Propose and evaluate different methods to improve use of medicines, and in particular antibiotics considering various context.
Contents of the course The tools used in drug utlisation research such as ATC/DDD will be presented, together with possibilities and difficulties to collect appropriate data to show the level of medicine use in a given population. Access to essential medicines as one of the six building blocks of well-functioning health systems and the role of essential medicines in universal health coverage will be discussed. During the 68th United Nation (UN) General Assembly high-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance, it was strongly emphasised that resistance to antibiotics is now the greatest global health risk requiring urgent attention. Also, antibiotics have an implication for all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Examples of antibiotic use from countries on different income levels and from different parts of the health system will be presented and discussed. In addition, factors affecting antibiotic use, both on macro- and micro-level will be mapped out and discussed. The methods to monitor global, national and local antibiotic consumption and resistance will be presented. Following the lectures on introduction to changing behaviour, methods to improve use of medicines, and in particular antibiotics, will be presented, including the role of guidelines and various kinds of information or educational interventions directed to health care professionals, general public or policy makers. Methods to evaluate such interventions will be presented and discussed. Also, the burden of antibiotic resistance and economic consequences will be covered during the course.
To effectively respond to the antibiotic resistance threat, the One Health approach where humans, animals and the environment and the interconnectedness among them are treated as one entity is needed. Therefore, the content related to antibiotic residues and resistance in the environment as well as animal use will be presented and broadly discussed.
Teaching and learning activities This is a blended-learning course i.e. a combination of classroom and online activities. During the course the learning platforms Ping Pong (and/or Canvas) and Adobe Connect are used. Learning activities include synchronous (i.e. real-time, on campus) and asynchronous (video recorded, on-line) lectures, seminars and group work. The course is extended over 1-2 weeks but is equivalent to one- week full-time work.
Compulsory elements It is compulsory to attend all the synchronous lectures and to participate in the group work concluded with the presentation. Absence in the mandatory lectures has to be communicated with the course leaders and if needed compensated by extra individual assignments.
Examination To pass the course the participants need to demonstrate that the intended learning outcomes have been achieved. A written individual assignment and presentation of group work constitute the examination of the course. Each student will be individually assessed.
Literature and other teaching material Recommended literature (updated during the course)
1. WHO. Global Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, 2015. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/193736/9789241509763_eng.pdf
2. WHO. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance. 2014 Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf
3. WHO. Medicines in Health Systems, 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/resources/FR_webfinal_v1.pdf
4. WHO. Worldwide country situation analysis: response to antimicrobial resistance. 2015. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163468/9789241564946_eng.pdf
5. Jasnovsky D. Antimicrobial resistance-a threat to the world's sustainable development. UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2016 VOL. 121, NO. 3, 159-164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2016.1195900

In addition, current scientific publications (e.g. research articles and theses) suggested by the course leaders and lecturers as appropriate
Course responsible Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Institutionen för global folkhälsa
0852483366

Cecilia.Stalsby.Lundborg@ki.se
Contact person Anna Machowska
Institutionen för global folkhälsa


anna.machowska@ki.se